Protein is a nutrient needed by the human body for growth and maintenance. Aside from water, proteins are the most abundant kind of molecules in the body. Protein can be found in all cells of the body and is the major structural component of all cells in the body, especially muscle.
Types of Proteins
Protein is the basic component of living cells and is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and one or more chains of amino acids.
The three types of proteins are
1.Fibrous
2.Globular
3.Membrane.
Fibrous Proteins
Fibrous proteins form muscle fiber, tendons, connective tissue, and bone.
Examples of fibrous proteins are:
· Actin
· Arp2/3
· Collagen
· Coronin
· Dystrphin
· Elastin
· F-spondin
· Fibronectin
· Keratin
· Myosin
· Nebulin
· Pikachurin
· Spectrin
· Tau
· Titin
· Tropomyosin
· Tubulin
Globular Proteins
Globular proteins are more water-soluble than the other classes of proteins and they have several functions including transporting, catalyzing, and regulating.
Here are examples of globular proteins:
· Albumins
· Alpha globulin
· Beta globulin
· C1-inhibitor
· C3-convertase
· Cadherin
· Carboxypeptidase
· C-reactive protein
· Ependymin
· Factor VIII
· Factor XIII
· Fibrin
· Gamma globulin
· Hemoglobin
· IgA
· IgD
· IgE
· IgG
· IgM
· Integrin
· Myoglobin
· NCAA
· Protein C
· Protein S
· Protein Z
· Protein Z-related protease inhibitor
· Selectin
· Serum albumin
· Serum Amyloid P Component
· Thrombin
· Von Willebrand Factor
Membrane Proteins
Membrane proteins play several roles including relaying signals within cells, allowing cells to interact and transporting molecules.
Examples of membrane proteins include:
· CFTR
· C-myc
· Estrogen receptor
· FOXP2
· FOXP3
· Glucose transporter
· Glycophorin D
· Histones
· Hydrolases
· Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
· MyoD
· Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
· Oxidoreductases
· P53
· Potassium channel
· Rhodopsin
· Scramblase
· Transferases
Protein and Amino Acids
Both animal and plant proteins are made up of about 20 common amino acids. The proportion of these amino acids varies as a characteristic of a given protein, but all food proteins—with the exception of gelatin—contain some of each.
Amino acids consumed in excess of the amounts needed for the synthesis of nitrogenous tissue constituents are not stored but are degraded; the nitrogen is excreted as urea, and the keto acids left after removal of the amino groups are either utilized directly as sources of energy or are converted to carbohydrate or fat
Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
Nonessential amino acids can be made by the body, while essential amino acids cannot be made by the body so you must get them from your diet.
Conditional Amino Acids
Conditional amino acids are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress
Types of Amino Acids
Top 10 Vegetarian Protein Foods
1. Tofu
Protein | Protein | Protein |
43.5g | 17.3g | 24g |
2. Lentils
Protein | Protein | Protein |
17.9g | 9g | 15.6g |
More Beans High in Protein
· 17.4g (35% DV) per cup of large white beans
· 16.3g (33% DV) per cup of split peas
· 15.4g (31% DV) per cup of pinto beans
· 15.2g (30% DV) per cup of black beans
· 15g (30% DV) per cup of navy beans
· 14.7g (29% DV) per cup of large lima beans
· 14.5g (29% DV) per cup of chickpeas (garbanzo beans)
3. Low fat Curd/Yogurt
Protein | Protein | Protein |
14g | 5.7g | 20.5g |
4. Cottage cheese/ paneer
Protein | Protein | Protein |
11.8g | 10.5g | 25.8g |
5. Green peas
Protein | Protein | Protein |
8.6g | 5.4g | 12.8g |
6. Squash and Pumpkin seeds
Protein | Protein | Protein |
8.5g | 29.8g | 10.4g |
Other Nuts and Seeds High in Protein
· 6.9g (14% DV) per 1 oz handful of peanuts
· 6g (12% DV) per 1 oz handful of almonds
· 6g (12% DV) per 1 oz handful of pistachios
· 5.5g (11% DV) per oz of sunflower seeds
· 5.2g (10% DV) per oz of flax seeds
· 4.7g (9% DV) per oz (~2 tbsp) of chia seeds
· 4.3g (9% DV) per oz of cashews
7. Quinoa
Protein | Protein | Protein |
8.1g | 4.4g | 7.3g |
Other Whole Grains High in Protein
· 9.8g (20% DV) per cup of kamut
· 9.8g (20% DV) per cup of teff
· 7g (14% DV) per cup of whole wheat pasta
· 5.9g (12% DV) per cup of oatmeal
· 4.4g (9% DV) per cup of grits
8. Peanut butter
Protein | Protein | Protein |
7.7g | 24.1g | 8.2g |
9. Eggs ( People who consider it Among non-veg can avoid this)
Protein | Protein | Protein |
6.3g | 12.6g | 16.2g |
10. Mushroom
Protein | Protein | Protein |
3.9g | 3.6g | 27.5g |
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